Psychological Aspects of CSH
Психологічні Аспекти в Примусових Сексуальних Домаганнях
Perception of Harm
Усвідомлення Шкоди
One will help if there is clear ongoing or expected harm and diffusion of responsibility is avoided. As simple as it seems, socio-emotional harm is often overlooked: the SH victims must change jobs and living locations, readjust in new social environments, and modify personal goals. Intimidated victims of CSH are less liked by peers who consequently would avoid social contact with the victims. Bystanders perceive CSH of moderate severity as ambiguous; therefore, they are unsure whether help is needed.
Moral Perceptions
Моральне Сприйняття
Observers appraise situations containing possible or apparent harm as situations with moral context. Harm is perceived intuitively and immediately. Perception of harm splits a person’s attention into two categories: moral agency (MA) and moral patiency psychological constructs. If one of the two parts is not apparent, observers will invent it to complete their dyadic perception. The one with perceived characteristics of moral patiency will also be perceived as requiring help. The assumption here is that specific social categories may alter moral perception.
CSH Victim's Response
Реакція Жертви Примусових Сексуальних Домагань
Female students of CSH suffer much socio-emotional harm; they change academic majors, quit higher education altogether, undergo criticism from their peers, and endure social ostracism. Bystander helping behavior varies depending on how they respond to harassers. Female victims of CSH may confront the harasser, call their lawyer, make an official complaint within organizational access, talk to friends about it, or carry on like the mistreatment has not occurred. They also could access psychological help. Witnesses of CSH could be the link between the victims and the needed assistance.
Indirect Witnesses of CSH
Непрямі Свіки ПСД
It is not uncommon that a friend of a friend is informed of CSH. Indirect bystanders can intervene in case a direct witness has not helped immediately. Helping bystanders face the threat of social rejection for helping and become second-order victims. Retaliation is an identified barrier for victims and bystanders. The chances of whether indirect witnesses would be eager to help and encourage the direct witnesses to do the same are affected by the degree of severity of CSH. An indirect witness believes more in the information given by a close friend than a random acquaintance.